Doses of Tepezza are given by an intravenous infusion through a blood vessel in your arm. This infusion is usually given at a hospital, health care provider’s office, or infusion center. Sometimes you ...

Surgeries for thyroid eye disease include orbital decompression (to relieve swelling), strabismus (to repair eye muscles and correct eye alignment), and eyelid retraction correction (to restore eyelid ...

Thyroid eye disease is a chronic condition that causes inflammation in your eyes. It affects about 25–50% of people with Graves’ disease, which is an autoimmune disorder that causes an overactive ...

Thyroid eye disease (TED), also known as Graves’ eye disease, usually stems from an autoimmune condition that starts when immune cells attack the thyroid gland, a tiny butterfly-shaped gland at the ...

Fibroblasts from patients with TED secrete active PAPP-A and are stimulated by proinflammatory cytokines, namely tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β. Novel therapeutic agents may be ...

“Over the past few years, with the advent of pharmaceutical therapy for thyroid eye disease, it’s a little more in the forefront. With the marketing and ads on TV, it’s become more commonly discussed, ...

In most cases, thyroid eye disease (TED) is associated with Graves’ disease (GD). Approximately 40% of patients with GD develop overt TED. However, a sub-clinical level of extraocular muscle ...

Even when thyroid hormone levels fluctuate mildly, these tissues can remain sensitised and react strongly, which is why some ...

"Our study found the asymmetric orbit to have significantly higher muscles volumes compared to its contralateral orbit, thus muscle expansion is one of the likely contributing factors to the ...